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In computing, the "Y-axis" primarily refers to the vertical or up-and-down dimension of a two- or three-dimensional coordinate system. It is used to track, define, and render objects, graphics, and other visual elements on a screen.

Applications and concepts

Mouse and cursor control: In graphical user interfaces (GUIs), moving a mouse or other pointing device up and down changes the cursor's Y-axis value on the screen.

Computer graphics: In computer graphics and 3D modeling, the Y-axis determines an object's vertical height or position.

2D graphics: To draw a vertical line, for instance, you define its start and end points using their Y-axis values.

3D graphics: Along with the X-axis (side-to-side) and Z-axis (forward and backward), the Y-axis provides the framework for creating and navigating three-dimensional spaces.

Video games: The Y-axis controls the vertical movement of characters and other objects. For example, in a flight simulator or a platformer, the Y-axis value tracks how high or low an object is.

Charts and graphs: On-screen visualizations of data, such as bar charts or line graphs, use the Y-axis to represent the dependent variable—the quantity or value being measured.

CNC machines and robotics: Automated systems, such as CNC routers, use the Y-axis to control the front-to-back movement of the cutting tool or gantry.

Coordinate system: As a fundamental part of the Cartesian coordinate system, the Y-axis intersects perpendicularly with the X-axis and sometimes the Z-axis at a central point called the origin (0,0).