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XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) is a programming language used to transform XML documents into other formats, such as HTML, plain text, or a different XML structure. XSLT does not modify the original document; instead, it creates a new output document based on the rules defined in a separate stylesheet.

How XSLT works

The transformation process involves three main components:

Source Tree: The input XML document is first parsed into a tree of nodes (elements, attributes, text, etc.).

XSLT Stylesheet: This is an XML document that contains the template rules for the transformation. An XSLT processor reads these rules to decide how to build the output tree.

Result Tree: The processor applies the stylesheet's rules to the source tree to generate a new tree of nodes, which is then serialized (written out) into the desired format. XSLT relies on the XPath (XML Path Language) standard to navigate the node tree of the XML document, allowing it to select specific data to process.