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A WAN, or Wide Area Network, is a computer network that covers a large geographical area, connecting smaller networks like LANs across cities, states, or the globe. It allows for remote communication, resource sharing, and data exchange over long distances, and is used by businesses to connect branch offices and data centers. The internet is the largest example of a WAN, using technologies like fiber optic cables, leased lines, and satellite links for data transmission.

Key characteristics

Geographical reach: WANs span large distances, unlike a Local Area Network (LAN) which is typically limited to a single building.

Connectivity: They connect multiple locations and LANs together, often using public or private infrastructure like leased lines, satellite links, or the internet.

Purpose: Businesses use WANs to allow employees in different locations to securely access and share files, use critical applications, and collaborate.

Technology: Modern WANs use technologies like MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) and SD-WAN (Software-Defined WAN) for efficient and dynamic traffic routing and security.

Security: Security is a critical concern for WANs, which often incorporate VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) or encryption to protect data in transit.

Speed: While generally slower than LANs due to the greater distances, modern technologies are constantly improving performance.