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Syntax is the set of rules that defines how symbols, words, and commands are structured to form valid statements in a programming language. It's the grammatical structure that a computer must follow to correctly interpret and execute code, similar to how English has rules for forming sentences. Without correct syntax, code will result in a syntax error and the program will not run.

Rules of structure: Syntax dictates the correct arrangement of punctuation, keywords, and symbols. For example, it determines that a statement must end with a semicolon in some languages, or that variables must be declared before use.

Language-specific: Every programming language has its own unique syntax, which is different from others (e.g., HTML syntax is different from JavaScript syntax).

Ensures correct execution: Strict adherence to syntax is crucial for a computer to understand and execute instructions precisely, enabling it to compile or interpret the code without errors.

Distinction from semantics: While syntax governs the structure, semantics refers to the meaning of the code. A program can have perfect syntax but still be logically incorrect, meaning it has semantic errors.