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In computing, a switch is a hardware device that connects multiple devices on a computer network, allowing them to communicate with each other by forwarding data packets only to the intended recipient. Unlike a hub, which sends data to all devices, a switch is more intelligent, learning the MAC address of each device and directing traffic specifically to that destination, which improves network efficiency and security. Switches are essential for modern Local Area Networks (LANs) and come in various types, such as unmanaged, managed, and Layer 3 switches, which offer different levels of control and functionality.

Key functions and characteristics

Device connectivity: A switch connects end devices like computers and printers, as well as other network devices like routers and firewalls.

Efficient data transfer: It uses packet switching, a process that sends data only to the correct port, preventing unnecessary traffic and collisions.

Layer 2 operation: Most switches operate at Layer 2 of the OSI model, using MAC addresses to make forwarding decisions.

Layer 3 functionality: Some advanced switches, known as Layer 3 switches, can also perform routing functions using IP addresses, allowing them to connect different networks.