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A System on a Chip (SoC) is a single integrated circuit that combines multiple computer components like the CPU, GPU, memory, and input/output on one chip. This integration makes devices smaller, more power-efficient, and less expensive, and is fundamental to modern smartphones, tablets, laptops, and embedded systems like those in cars.

What an SoC is: An SoC is a "computer on a chip" that integrates a central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), and often other components like memory, and input/output controllers, onto a single piece of silicon. This differs from traditional computer architecture where each component is a separate chip installed on a circuit board.

Benefits of using an SoC

Smaller size: By consolidating components, SoCs drastically reduce the physical space required for a system, making smaller devices like smartphones and smartwatches possible.

Improved power efficiency: Integrating components reduces power requirements, which is critical for battery-powered devices like laptops and tablets.

Lower cost: Integrating multiple functions into a single chip can lower the overall cost of manufacturing.

Increased performance: Components are more tightly integrated, which can lead to faster communication and improved performance.