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A rootkit is a type of malicious software (malware) that provides unauthorized, persistent, and stealthy access to a computer or network by embedding itself deep within the operating system. Derived from the terms "root" (administrator-level access) and "kit" (a collection of tools), a rootkit allows an attacker to maintain privileged access, execute malicious code, steal data, and hide their activities from both the user and standard security software. They are difficult to detect and remove because they can modify and conceal their own presence within the system's core functions.

How rootkits work

Gaining initial access: A rootkit is typically installed via other malware, such as a Trojan horse, or through exploiting a vulnerability, often by opening a malicious email attachment or clicking a suspicious link.

Establishing persistence: Once installed, the rootkit modifies core system components to gain "root" or administrator-level control, allowing the attacker to execute commands and manage the system.

Concealing activity: Rootkits actively hide their presence and the presence of other malicious payloads by altering system processes, files, and logs, making them difficult to detect with conventional antivirus software.

Maintaining long-term access: The rootkit creates a persistent backdoor, allowing the attacker to maintain control over the compromised system long after the initial infection, often for the purpose of stealing data, such as passwords and financial information.