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Recursion is a computer science term for a method of problem-solving where a function calls itself to solve smaller, self-similar instances of the same problem. This process involves a function that breaks a problem down until it reaches a "base case," which stops the recursion. A recursive method requires a base case to provide a stopping condition and a recursive step to continue solving smaller subproblems.

How it works

Problem breakdown: A complex problem is broken down into simpler, smaller subproblems of the same type.

Self-calling function: The function calls itself to solve these smaller subproblems.

Base case: A simple condition that can be solved directly, which stops the recursion and prevents an infinite loop.

Recursive step: The part of the function that makes the recursive call with modified input, moving the problem closer to the base case.