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In a computer context, PPI stands for Pixels Per Inch and is a measurement of pixel density. It describes the number of individual pixels contained within a single inch of a digital image or display. A higher PPI results in a sharper, more detailed image on a screen.

How PPI works

Digital images: For a digital image file, the PPI is metadata that determines its physical output size when printed. A higher PPI value means more pixels are packed into every inch, creating a smaller, but more detailed, printed image.

Screens: For computer monitors, smartphones, and other displays, PPI indicates the physical density of the pixels on the screen. A high PPI on a device like a modern smartphone or 4K monitor means the pixels are so small and close together that the image and text appear extremely smooth and sharp.

Practical applications

Web graphics: Images for websites and digital screens historically used a lower PPI, such as 72 PPI, to ensure smaller file sizes and faster loading times. However, for a given image, the number of pixels matters more than the PPI setting for on-screen display.

High-quality printing: For professional-quality prints like photos or brochures, a high PPI is essential. A standard of 300 PPI is often recommended, as the human eye can't distinguish details beyond that resolution at a normal viewing distance.

Screen technology: As manufacturers produce displays with higher resolutions, such as 4K and 8K, they also increase the PPI. This creates a more immersive and lifelike viewing experience, especially noticeable on devices held close to the face, like smartphones and virtual reality headsets.