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10Base-T is an older Ethernet standard for computer networking that uses twisted-pair copper cables to transmit data at a speed of 10 megabits per second (Mbps). It was one of the first Ethernet standards to use the less expensive and more flexible twisted-pair cabling, moving away from older coaxial cable setups.

The name "10Base-T" can be broken down to explain its technical specifications:

10: Refers to the maximum data transmission speed of 10 Mbps.
Base: Denotes baseband signaling, meaning the entire network cable is used for a single signal at one time.
-T: Designates the use of twisted-pair copper cabling, such as Category 3 (Cat3) or higher.

Key characteristics

Topology: 10Base-T networks typically use a star topology, where devices are individually connected to a central hub.
Cabling: It uses Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables, terminated with RJ-45 connectors.
Distance: The maximum cable length for a single segment is 100 meters (about 328 feet).

Duplex: In its original configuration with a hub, it was a half-duplex network, meaning devices could only send or receive data, not both simultaneously. This used a collision-detection protocol known as CSMA/CD. With a switch, however, each port could operate in full-duplex mode.