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Network topology is the physical and logical arrangement of nodes (like computers and routers) and connections within a network, detailing how data flows between them. It serves as a blueprint for a network's structure, impacting performance, security, and scalability. Common types include star, bus, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid topologies.

Physical vs. Logical Topology

Physical Topology: Describes the actual physical layout of the network, including where and how the cables and devices are connected.

Logical Topology: Describes the path data takes across the network, which may not always match the physical layout.