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A name server is a server on the Internet that is responsible for the Domain Name System (DNS), which translates human-readable domain names (like www.google.com) into numerical IP addresses that computers use to find each other. These servers are crucial for the internet's function, acting as a phonebook to direct web browsers to the correct website or service. There are different types of name servers, including root, top-level domain (TLD), and authoritative name servers, that work together to resolve a query.

Key types of name servers

Root name servers: The highest level in the DNS hierarchy. They know where to find the TLD name servers and direct queries to them.

TLD (Top-Level Domain) name servers: These servers manage domains with a specific extension, such as .com, .org, or .net. They direct queries to the correct authoritative name server for a specific domain.

Authoritative name servers: The final authority for a given domain. They hold the actual DNS records, including the IP address, and return the definitive answer to the query.