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A log file is a computer-generated record of events, activities, and messages that occur within a system, application, or network. These files are crucial for monitoring, troubleshooting errors, tracking performance, auditing security, and ensuring accountability. A typical log file contains a timestamp, a log level (like "INFO" or "ERROR"), and a message detailing the event, often including other relevant metadata like user information or IP addresses.

Core components of a log file

Timestamp: The exact date and time an event occurred, which is crucial for establishing a timeline of events.

Log Level: An indicator of the severity of the event, such as "INFO," "WARNING," or "ERROR".

Message: Details about the event, which can include the service or program that generated it, the action performed, or specific error messages.

Metadata: Additional information contextualizing the event, which can vary depending on the log type. Examples include IP addresses, user IDs, HTTP status codes, or the user agent.