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Load balancing is the process of distributing network traffic and workloads across multiple servers to optimize resource use, improve performance, and ensure high availability. It acts as a traffic manager, preventing a single server from becoming overloaded and improving response times for users. If a server fails, a load balancer can redirect traffic to healthy servers, which increases fault tolerance.

How it works: A load balancer sits between clients and a pool of backend servers. It receives incoming requests and uses a specific algorithm to decide which server is best equipped to handle the request. It then forwards the request to that server.

Key functions and benefits

Improved performance: By distributing requests, load balancing prevents any single server from becoming a bottleneck, which minimizes response times for users.

High availability: It ensures that an application remains accessible even if one or more servers fail. The load balancer redirects traffic to the remaining servers, making the service highly redundant.

Optimized resource utilization: It ensures that all available servers are working efficiently, rather than having some servers idle while others are overloaded.

Scalability: It allows you to easily add or remove servers from the pool to handle fluctuating demand.