JavaScript
JavaScript is a versatile, high-level programming language used to create dynamic and interactive content on the web and beyond. It functions on both client-side (in a browser) and server-side (on a server using Node.js). Key computer terms associated with JavaScript include:
Client-side vs. Server-side: Client-side JavaScript runs in a user's browser to dynamically update a webpage, while server-side JavaScript (via environments like Node.js) runs on a server to handle database operations and application logic.
JavaScript Engine: Software that reads and executes JavaScript code, often using a combination of interpreting and Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation to turn the code into machine code.
Document Object Model (DOM): A programming interface that represents the structure of an HTML document as a tree of objects, allowing JavaScript to access and modify the content, structure, and style of a webpage.
Dynamic and Weakly Typed: A dynamic language means variable types are determined at runtime, not compile time, and a weakly typed language means it can perform implicit type conversions between different data types.
Frameworks: Collections of pre-written JavaScript code that simplify and speed up the development of complex web applications, such as React.js or AngularJS.
ECMAScript: The official specification that JavaScript conforms to. It sets the standard for how the language should work, with annual updates like ES6 introducing new features.