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In a computer context, "junk mail" is also called spam and refers to unsolicited, often commercial, electronic messages, most commonly emails, sent in bulk. These messages are sent to a large number of recipients without their prior consent and can range from unwanted advertisements to malicious attempts to obtain personal information (phishing) or spread viruses.

Key characteristics of junk mail (spam)

Unsolicited: It is sent to you without your request or permission.

Bulk distribution: It is sent to a large number of recipients at once.

Commercial intent: While sometimes used for other purposes like political or religious messages, it is most often used for advertising products or services.

Can be malicious: Some spam emails are designed to trick you into revealing sensitive information or installing malware.

Filtered by email clients: Modern email services have a "junk" or "spam" folder where these messages are automatically moved to keep your inbox clean.