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Java is both an object-oriented programming language and a software platform that allows applications to run on different devices and operating systems without modification. It is a high-level language that is compiled into bytecode, which is then executed by a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). This "write once, run anywhere" capability makes it popular for web applications, mobile apps, and enterprise software.

Key concepts

Object-oriented programming: Java is designed around the concept of "objects," which combine data and methods (functions) and can be organized to create complex software. Key concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

Platform independence: Java's "write once, run anywhere" nature is achieved through the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

Compilation: Source code is first compiled into an intermediate language called bytecode.

JVM execution: The JVM is a program that interprets and runs the bytecode on a specific platform (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux). This means the same bytecode can run on any device with a compatible JVM installed.