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An internal hard drive is a non-volatile storage device mounted inside a computer that retains data even when the power is off. It stores the operating system, applications, and personal files using magnetic technology on spinning disks. It connects to the motherboard for data transfer and the power supply for power.

Function: An internal hard drive is the computer's main storage, holding everything from the operating system to user-created files.

Technology: Traditional hard drives (HDDs) use a read/write head that moves over spinning magnetic disks (platters) to store and retrieve data magnetically.

Connectivity: It has two connections inside the computer: one to the motherboard for data and one to the power supply for electricity.

Non-volatility: Data is not lost when the computer is turned off, unlike RAM, which is why it's essential for long-term storage.

Capacity: These drives are available in a wide range of storage capacities, with modern internal drives holding up to 20 TB or more.