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In computing, intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind like software, algorithms, and hardware designs that are protected by law from unauthorized use. These intangible assets are protected through patents (for inventions and processes), copyrights (for the code itself), and trade secrets (for confidential information like formulas and customer lists). This protection grants creators exclusive rights and is intended to incentivize innovation.

Examples of computer-related IP

Software: The code that makes up a program is protected by copyright, as shown by this source from Pellissippi State Community College.

Hardware: The design of a computer chip or a mechanical system can be protected by a patent, according to TechTarget.

Algorithms: Certain computational algorithms can be patented, while others might be protected as trade secrets if kept confidential, explains Pellissippi State Community College and TechTarget.

APIs: An Application Programming Interface can be protected by copyright.

Data and business information: Databases, customer lists, and business plans are considered trade secrets and are protected through confidentiality agreements, notes Penn State Information Security and TechTarget.

Brand names: Company logos and brand names for software or hardware are protected by trademarks, says PCMag.