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HTTP, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is the foundation for data communication on the World Wide Web, standardizing how web clients (like browsers) request and receive files from web servers. It operates on a client-server model, using a request-response cycle to transfer resources such as webpages, images, and data.

Key characteristics

Stateless: Each request is independent; the server doesn't retain information about previous interactions with the same client.

Request-Response: A client sends a request (e.g., a GET request to retrieve a webpage), and the server sends back a response.

Client-Server: Web browsers are HTTP clients that send requests to web servers, which handle them and send back the requested files.

Text-based: Early versions of HTTP used text-based messages, though modern versions can handle binary data by indicating the coding mechanism.

Extensible: HTTP is extensible, allowing new fields (headers) to be added to requests and responses.