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Hexadecimal is a base-16 number system used in computer science to provide a more compact and human-readable way to represent binary data. It uses the digits \(0-9\) and the letters \(A-F\) (representing decimal values \(10-15\)). This is useful because one hexadecimal digit can represent exactly four binary digits (bits), simplifying tasks like memory addressing, color codes, and inspecting binary files.  

Common applications:

Color codes: Used in web design (CSS) to define colors.

Memory and network addresses: Simplifies the representation of memory addresses and network protocols like IPv6.

Character codes: Used to represent control codes and Unicode characters (e.g., \x08 for backspace).

Debugging: Hex editors allow programmers to view and edit binary files in a more understandable format.

Binary conversion: Converting from binary to hexadecimal involves grouping binary digits into sets of four, starting from the right, and then replacing each group with its corresponding hexadecimal value.