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A file system is the method an operating system uses to store, organize, and manage files on a storage device. It provides a structure for data, like a library catalog, by keeping track of where files are located, their names, and their metadata. This allows computers to efficiently retrieve, save, and modify files on hard drives, SSDs, and other media.

Key functions of a file system:

Organization: It creates a hierarchical structure of files and directories, making it possible for users and programs to find and access data.

Data storage: It manages how data is written to and read from the physical storage media, handling both used and unused space.

Metadata management: It stores information about each file, such as its name, size, creation date, and permissions.

Access control: It sets permissions to control who can read, write, or modify files.

Naming conventions: It defines the rules for naming files and the format for their paths.