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In computing, a function is a self-contained block of code that performs a specific task, often taking inputs (parameters), processing them, and returning an output. This modular approach allows for code to be reused, broken into smaller parts, and organized more effectively, improving a program's quality and maintainability.

Key aspects of a computer function

Modular design: Functions help break down complex problems into smaller, manageable pieces, making the overall program easier to understand, test, and debug.

Input and output: Functions often "take in" data (parameters), process it, and "return" a result. Some functions may not return a value.

Code reuse: Once defined, a function can be called and used multiple times from different parts of a program, reducing repetition.

Abstraction: Functions allow programmers to focus on what a function does without needing to know how it does it, similar to a "black box".

Encapsulation: A function "encapsulates" a task, meaning it bundles a set of instructions into a single, named unit. This allows for a complex process to be represented by a single line of code.

Definition and calling: You define a function by giving it a name and specifying the code it will execute. You "call" the function elsewhere in the program to run that code.