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FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, is a standard network protocol used to transfer files between computers over a network. It allows users to upload and download files from a server, and it uses a client-server model for communication. While it is a fundamental protocol, its original version lacks encryption, making it insecure; however, it can be secured with protocols like FTPS or SFTP.

How it works

Client-server model: An FTP client (your computer) connects to an FTP server (the remote computer) to send or receive files.

Authentication: A user typically needs a username and password to access the server.

Two data channels: FTP uses separate channels for commands and data transfer. One channel is for sending commands like LIST (to list files) or GET (to download), and another is for the actual transfer of the file content.

Transfer modes:

It has two modes for transferring files:

ASCII: Used for text files.

Binary: Used for non-text files like images, programs, or compressed files.