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In computing, format can refer to the layout and structure of data within a file, or to the process of preparing a storage device for use. A file format is the specific way data is organized for a file (e.g., .docx for documents, .jpg for images) so that a computer can read and process it correctly. The process of formatting a disk erases all data and sets up a file system, preparing it to store new information.

File format

Definition: The specific rules and structure used to encode information for storage in a file. This dictates how a program should interpret, retrieve, and display the contents.

Disk formatting (the process)

Definition: Initializing a storage medium (like a hard drive or flash drive) to hold data. This involves setting up a file system and can be a full erase or a quick format.

Action: Prepares a storage device for use by erasing existing data and writing a file system's metadata files, which are necessary for the operating system to manage files.

Types: Quick format: Wipes the file system and marks the entire drive as available. It is faster but doesn't erase the actual data.

Full format: Wipes the file system, marks the drive as available, and overwrites all existing data with zeros, which also checks for errors.