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A data type is a classification in computer programming that specifies the kind of values a variable can hold. It defines the characteristics of the data, such as its range of possible values, how the data is stored in memory, and what operations can be performed on it. For example, when a programmer uses a variable to store a whole number, they use an integer data type. If they want to store text, they use a string data type. The computer uses this information to process and store data efficiently and accurately.

Common data types, while the exact list and names of data types vary between programming languages, the most common types are:

Integer (int): Represents a whole number, either positive or negative, without a fractional component. Integers are often used for counting and simple math.

Floating-Point (float or double): Represents a number that can have a fractional or decimal component.

String (str): Represents a sequence of characters, such as text. Strings are typically enclosed in quotation marks.

Boolean (bool): Represents a logical value that can only be either true or false.

Character (char): Represents a single letter, digit, symbol, or blank space. Characters are often enclosed in single quotes.

Array: A list or collection of elements, often of the same data type, stored in a specific order.