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A DNS record is a database entry in a DNS server that maps a human-friendly domain name (like google.com) to machine-friendly information, most commonly an IP address. These records act like an internet "phonebook," enabling devices to translate domain names into the numerical IP addresses needed to locate and connect to resources like websites and email servers.

Key components of a DNS record

Owner: The domain name the record is for.

Time To Live (TTL): How long a DNS server should cache the record before refreshing it.

Class: The protocol for which the record is intended (e.g., IN for Internet).

Type: The function of the record, which dictates the type of data it contains.

Common DNS record types

A record: Maps a domain name to an IPv4 address (e.g., 192.0.2.1).

AAAA record: Maps a domain name to an IPv6 address.

MX record: Specifies the mail server(s) responsible for receiving email for a domain.

CNAME record: Creates an alias, forwarding a domain or subdomain to another domain name.

NS record: Delegates a DNS zone to a specific name server, indicating which servers are authoritative for that domain.

TXT record: Allows administrators to store plain text for various purposes, such as domain verification.