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A computer directory is a file system cataloging structure that contains references to other files and directories. It organizes files and folders in a hierarchical, tree-like structure, similar to how a physical filing cabinet uses folders to store documents. On many systems, the term "folder" is used as a synonym for a directory.

What a directory does

Organizes data: It provides a system for storing and locating files and other directories on a storage device.

Hierarchical structure: Directories can contain files and other directories (called subdirectories), creating a logical, nested structure.

Contains references: Each directory entry typically includes a file or subdirectory name and a reference number (i-node number) that points to the actual data.

Logical grouping: They allow users to group files by type, purpose, or project, making it easier to manage them efficiently.