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A digital computer is a device that processes and stores data in a discrete, binary form (0s and 1s), using two stable electrical states to represent information, in contrast to analog computers which use continuously varying physical phenomena. These machines accept, store, and process data using a stored program of instructions and can produce output. The term "digital" refers to this use of discrete signals, as opposed to the continuous signals of analog computers.

Key Characteristics

Discrete Data Processing: A digital computer operates on data represented in a discrete, quantized form, typically using the binary system of 0s and 1s.

Two-State Logic: Information is represented by two distinct states, like the "on" or "off" states of an electrical switch, which simplifies computer design.

Stored Program: Digital computers execute tasks by following a stored sequence of instructions, allowing for flexible and general-purpose operation.

Input, Process, Output: The fundamental function involves accepting input data, processing it according to instructions, and producing an output of results.

Components: Essential components include a central processing unit (CPU), memory to store data and instructions, and input/output devices (like keyboards and monitors) to interact with the user.