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DHCP, or Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, is a network standard that automatically assigns IP addresses and other configuration parameters to devices on a network, streamlining network management by eliminating the need for manual IP configuration and preventing IP address conflicts. A DHCP server manages a pool of IP addresses, and clients like computers and phones request and receive temporary leases for these addresses, which they must renew periodically to maintain their network connection.

How DHCP Works (The DORA Process)

Discovery: A client device connects to the network and broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER message to find a DHCP server.

Offer: The DHCP server responds with a DHCPOFFER message, providing an available IP address and other configuration details from its address pool.

Request: The client selects an IP address from the offered options and sends a DHCPREQUEST message to the server to confirm its choice.

Acknowledgment: The DHCP server acknowledges the request, confirming the IP address lease and sending a DHCPACK message with the final network parameters to the client.