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In computing, a buffer is a temporary, reserved area of memory that stores data as it's transferred between different devices or programs. Its main purpose is to smooth out differences in data transfer rates, preventing data loss or pauses by acting as an intermediary that holds data until the receiving component is ready. Common examples include video streaming, where it holds video data in advance for playback, and keyboard input, where it stores keystrokes before they're processed.

How Buffers Work

Temporary Storage: Buffers use physical memory (like RAM) or dedicated hardware memory to hold data for a short time.

Rate Compensation: They compensate for variations in speed between a data "producer" (source) and a data "consumer" (destination).

Data Flow Management: Data is written into the buffer by the source and then read from the buffer by the destination, ensuring a more consistent and synchronized data flow.