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BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing protocol that distributes large files by breaking them into small pieces, allowing users to download these pieces simultaneously from multiple sources, a process called "torrenting". Users employ a BitTorrent client to find and connect with other users—called peers—who are also downloading or already have the file. Seeders are users who have the complete file and are uploading it, while leechers are those who are still downloading. This decentralized method is highly efficient for distributing large files rapidly, but it is also frequently associated with the illegal sharing of copyrighted content.

How it Works

Torrent File: A user finds a torrent file, which is a small file containing metadata about the file to be downloaded and the address of a tracker.

BitTorrent Client: The user opens this file with a BitTorrent client.

Tracker: The client connects to a tracker, a server that lists other peers (users) who are participating in the swarm for that specific file.

Piece-by-Piece Download: The client then connects to available peers and downloads small, uniform pieces of the file from them.

Uploading and Seeding: As a user downloads pieces, they can also upload those pieces to other peers, effectively becoming a seeder.

Completion: The client reassembles the downloaded pieces to form the complete file, and then continues to upload it to new peers.