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Biometrics is the use of unique biological and behavioral traits to verify a person's identity, providing a more secure and convenient method of access control than traditional passwords or PINs. In computer systems, biometrics are used to authenticate users for applications, devices, or network access.

How biometrics works

A biometric system performs three main steps to authenticate a user:

Enrollment: A person's unique physical or behavioral trait is captured by a sensor, such as a fingerprint scanner or camera. This captured data is processed into a secure, digital format, often called a template.

Storage: The digital template is securely stored in a database or directly on the device. The template is not a copy of the actual biometric data, such as a full fingerprint image, but rather a coded representation that cannot be used to reconstruct the original.

Comparison: During a login attempt, the system captures a new sample of the biometric trait. Sophisticated software analyzes the new sample, converts it into a template, and compares it with the stored template. If the templates are similar enough, the user is authenticated and granted access.