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TypeScript is an open-source programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft. It is a superset of JavaScript, meaning it includes all of JavaScript's features and syntax, plus additional features, primarily static typing.

Key characteristics of TypeScript include:

Static Typing: TypeScript allows developers to define the data types of variables, function parameters, and return values. This enables the TypeScript compiler to perform type checking during development, catching potential errors before the code is executed.

Superset of JavaScript: Any valid JavaScript code is also valid TypeScript code. This allows for incremental adoption of TypeScript in existing JavaScript projects.

Compilation to JavaScript: TypeScript code is "transpiled" into plain JavaScript, which can then be executed in any JavaScript runtime environment (browsers, Node.js, etc.). The type annotations added in TypeScript are removed during this compilation process, as JavaScript does not natively support static types.

Enhanced Tooling and Developer Experience: The static typing in TypeScript enables powerful features in integrated development environments (IDEs), such as intelligent code completion, real-time error checking, and improved navigation and refactoring capabilities.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Features: TypeScript provides robust support for OOP principles, including classes, interfaces, and inheritance, making it suitable for building large and complex applications.

Type Inference: While explicit type annotations are a core feature, TypeScript can often infer the types of variables and expressions based on their initial values and usage, reducing the need for verbose type declarations.