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Ruby is a dynamic, open-source programming language with a focus on simplicity and productivity. It was created in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan. Key characteristics of Ruby include:

Object-Oriented: Ruby is a true object-oriented language, meaning everything in Ruby is an object, and every operation is a method call on an object. This provides a consistent and powerful model for structuring code.

Dynamically Typed: Ruby is dynamically typed, which means variable types are checked during runtime rather than compile time. This offers flexibility but requires careful attention during development.

Interpreted: Ruby is an interpreted language, similar to Python, rather than a compiled language like C++. This means code is executed directly by an interpreter, without a separate compilation step.

Focus on Programmer Happiness: Ruby's design prioritizes programmer productivity and enjoyment, aiming to provide a clear, concise, and readable syntax that minimizes complexity. It often employs plain English words and relies on blocks for functional code.

Flexibility and Extensibility: Ruby allows developers to modify or extend the behavior of the language itself, providing a high degree of flexibility in how problems are approached and solved.

Cross-Platform Compatibility: Ruby code is highly portable and can run on various operating systems, including Windows, macOS, and Linux, without requiring significant modifications.

Rich Ecosystem: Ruby benefits from a large and mature developer ecosystem, with a robust package manager called RubyGems that facilitates code sharing and the use of libraries (gems).

Popular for Web Development: Ruby is widely used for web application development, particularly with the Ruby on Rails framework, which is known for its convention-over-configuration approach and rapid development capabilities.