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C# (pronounced "C sharp") is a modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language developed by Microsoft as part of its .NET initiative. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting imperative, declarative, functional, generic, and component-oriented programming in addition to its core object-oriented principles.

Key characteristics of C# include:

Object-Oriented: C# heavily relies on object-oriented programming (OOP) principles, including encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction, to organize and structure code.

Strongly Typed: It is a strongly typed language, meaning every variable, constant, and expression has a defined type, and type conversions are strictly controlled to prevent data loss or errors.

Cross-Platform: While initially tied to Windows, C# is now cross-platform and can be used to build applications for various operating systems, including Windows, Linux, macOS, and mobile platforms via frameworks like .NET Core and Xamarin.

Managed Language: C# utilizes automatic memory management through garbage collection, relieving developers from manual memory allocation and deallocation.

Rich Ecosystem: It benefits from the extensive .NET framework and its libraries, providing a vast array of functionalities for diverse application types, including web applications (ASP.NET, Blazor), desktop applications, cloud services, and game development (Unity).

Modern Features: C# incorporates modern language features such as LINQ (Language Integrated Query) for querying data, asynchronous programming with async and await, pattern matching, and functional programming constructs like lambda expressions.

Open Source: C# and the .NET platform are open-source projects on GitHub, fostering community contributions and transparency.