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Kotlin is a modern, open-source, and statically typed programming language developed by JetBrains, with contributions from open-source developers. It is designed to be fully interoperable with Java and targets various platforms, including the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), Android, JavaScript, WebAssembly (Wasm), and Native.

Here are some key characteristics and features of Kotlin:

Pragmatic and Multiplatform: Kotlin emphasizes being useful for real-world development and supports building applications for multiple platforms from a single codebase, such as Android, iOS, web (with JavaScript), and server-side applications.

Statically Typed: Kotlin is a statically typed language, meaning that variable types are checked at compile-time, which helps in catching errors early and improving code reliability.

Concise Syntax: It offers a more concise and expressive syntax compared to Java, reducing boilerplate code and enhancing readability.

Null Safety: Kotlin includes built-in null safety features that significantly reduce the occurrence of NullPointerExceptions, a common source of bugs in many languages. It distinguishes between nullable and non-nullable types, forcing developers to handle potential null values explicitly.

Functional and Object-Oriented Programming: Kotlin supports both object-oriented and functional programming paradigms, offering flexibility in how developers structure their code. This includes features like higher-order functions, lambda expressions, and extensions.

Java Interoperability: A major advantage of Kotlin is its seamless interoperability with Java. Developers can use Java libraries and frameworks within Kotlin projects, and vice versa, facilitating gradual adoption and integration with existing Java codebases.

Coroutines: Kotlin provides coroutines for simplified asynchronous and non-blocking programming, offering a more lightweight and efficient alternative to traditional threads for handling concurrent operations.

Preferred for Android Development: Google officially declared Kotlin as the preferred language for Android app development in 2019, leading to its widespread adoption in the Android ecosystem.