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An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) provides immediate, battery-powered backup electricity to computer systems during a power outage or surge, preventing data loss and hardware damage by ensuring a constant, clean flow of power. Key components include a rectifier (converts AC to DC), batteries to store energy, an inverter (converts DC back to AC), and a transfer switch that rapidly switches between the main power supply and battery power when needed. Modern UPS units also feature a control unit for management, EMI/RFI filtering for noise reduction, and sometimes automatic voltage regulation (AVR) to correct minor power fluctuations.

Allows enough time to save work and shut down systems properly during an outage, preventing data loss and corruption.

Power Conditioning: Filters out electrical noise, harmonics, and voltage fluctuations (like surges and brownouts), providing clean, stable power to sensitive equipment.

Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR): Some UPS units include AVR to automatically boost low voltage or reduce high voltage within a safe range, without needing to switch to battery power.

Control Unit: Manages the UPS's various functions and often coordinates with monitoring software.

Monitoring Software: Modern UPSs often come with software to provide real-time monitoring, event logging, and alerts about power conditions.