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A scanner is a computer input device that converts physical documents, images, or objects into a digital format by capturing light reflected from the object and translating it into digital data. Key components include a light source (like a Xenon lamp or LEDs), a photosensitive image sensor (like a CCD or CIS), lenses, mirrors (in some flatbed models), and a logic board to process the data and communicate with the computer. These components work together with scanning software to create a digital image file for storage, editing, or display on a computer.

Key Components

Light Source: Illuminates the document (e.g., Xenon lamp, LED).

Image Sensor (CCD or CIS): The photosensitive component that captures the light and converts it into an electrical signal.

Lens: Focuses the reflected light onto the image sensor.

Mirrors: (In some flatbed scanners) Redirect light from the light source to the image sensor.

Transmission Belt & Stepper Motor: Moves the scanning unit (carriage) with the light source and sensor across the document.

Glass Plate: Supports the document being scanned.

Logic Board: Processes the electrical signals and communicates with the computer.

Scanning Software: Manages the scanning process and allows for image editing and storage.

Types of Scanners

Flatbed Scanners: The most common type, where the document is placed face down on a glass plate.

Sheet-fed Scanners: Designed to process multiple loose pages automatically.

Handheld Scanners: Smaller, portable devices used for scanning specific items.

All-in-One/Multifunction Printers: Incorporate scanner functionality into a larger device.