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A keyboard consists of keycaps, which are the visible buttons with characters; switches, the mechanisms under the keycaps that register a keystroke; a circuit board (PCB), which routes signals from the switches to the computer; a microprocessor, which processes keystrokes and communicates with the computer; a key matrix, a grid of circuits on the PCB; and a cable or connection (like USB or wireless) to transmit data to the device. Keyboards also include various functional keys such as character, modifier, navigation, and function keys.

Here is a breakdown of the main keyboard components:

Keycaps: The detachable, labeled covers for the keys that you physically press. They come in different materials, such as ABS and PBT, which affect the look and feel.

Functional Keys: These include:

Character Keys: Letters, numbers, and symbols.
Modifier Keys: Like Shift and Control, which alter the input of other keys.

Navigation Keys: Arrows, Home, End, Page Up, and Page Down for moving the cursor and scrolling.

Editing Keys: Enter, Delete, Insert, and Backspace.

Function Keys: F1-F12 keys at the top of the keyboard, performing tasks specific to software.

Numeric Keypad: A calculator-style set of number keys, often found on the right side of desktop keyboards.